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Kalamesh Basarigid , K. Karuna ¹, Y. G. Shadakshari ¹, K. S. Jagadish ¹, K. N. Geetha ¹

Affiliations
1 A.I.C.R.P. on Sunflower, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Sunflower is an important oilseed crop of India. The crop is known to suffer from many diseases among which Alternaria leaf blight is one of the most important diseases. Alternaria helianthi was isolated from the leaf samples collected during Kharif. The toxin produced by Alternaria helianthi in potato dextrose broth was purified and based on its carbohydrate and protein content, the toxin was identified as glycoprotein. Toxin at 100 ppm concentration didn't affect seed germination while toxin concentration of 200 ppm to 3000 ppm affected seed germination. Minimum seed germination of 24.66 per cent was recorded when seeds were treated with toxin @ 3000 ppm. Minimum length of sunflower shoots (2.53 mm) and ischolar_main length (2.15 mm) was observed at 3000 ppm. Sunflower seedlings placed in 100 ppm toxin showed curling of leaves and wilting after 24 hr. whereas at 3000 ppm seedlings showed curling of leaves in 5 h and wilted within 12 hr. In detached leaf assay, 100 ppm toxin didn't produce any symptom. However, at concentrations of 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm, the toxin produced typical necrotic spots without yellow halo on sunflower leaves.

Keywords

Bioassay, Toxin, alternaria Helianthi, Leaf Blight, Sunflower

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M. Asif ¹, Y. G. Shadakshari ², S. J. Satheesh Naik ¹, K. T. Venkatesha ¹, K. v. Vijayakumar ¹, N. M. Basavaprabhu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, G.K.V.K., University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, karnataka, IN
2 AICRP (sunflower), Zonal Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru, Karnataka, IN
3 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, G.K.V.K., University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

A Line × tester analysis of 45 hybrids in sunflower using three CMS lines and 15 testers was carried out to study the combining ability for seed yield and its contributing traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The result revealed that, variance due to SCA was greater than GCA for all the traits except stem diameter and 100-seed weight, which indicated preponderance of non-additive gene action for all traits, while additive gene action for stem diameter and 100-seed weight. Line CMS 54A was a good general combiner for early flowering, early maturity, plant height, test weight, seed yield and oil yield, while CMS 56A was a good general combiner for hull content and oil content. The testers RHA 93 and RHA 115R transmitted allele with additive effects for seed and oil yield. RHA 6D- 5-3-5 was good general combiner for early flowering and early maturity, while RHA 95C-1 was good general combiner for oil content. In lines CMS 54A and CMS 57A and in testers GKVK-1, GKVK-2, RHA 95C-1, RHA 6D-5-3-5, RHA-272-II, RHA 275, RHA-298, RHA-115R and RHA-115R possessed favorable alleles for most of the traits. Among hybrids CMS 57A × RHA 93 was identified as the best specific combiner for seed yield, oil yield, volume weight, head and stem diameter. CMS 56A × RHA 6D-5-3-5 was the best specific combination for early flowering and early maturity. While CMS 54A × RHA 6D-5-3-5 was the best specific combiner for economic trait oil content and oil yield.

Keywords

Sunflower, Line × Tester, Combining Ability

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Kalamesh Basarigid ¹, K. Karuna , K. S. Jagadish ¹, Y. G. Shadakshari ¹, K. N. Geetha ¹

Affiliations
1 Zonal Agricltural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru Kanataka, IN

Abstract

Symptoms of Alternaria leaf spot/blight were observed in the form of small scattered brown spots on the leaf surface. Further, these spots covered larger leaf area with dark brown margin and yellow halo with indistinct zonations. Linear necrotic lesions were observed on the stem, petioles, capitulum, sepals, and petals at different stages of plant growth. Isolation of the fungus from the infected leaf sample collected from the field yielded Alternaria helianthi and pathogenicity was proved on KBSH 44 which expressed the symptoms in 8-9 days after inoculation under laboratory condition. The pathogenicity studies showed the external symptoms as small scattered brown spots on the leaf surface. Later, these spots increased in size covering larger area with dark brown margin and yellow halo with indistinct zonations. Linear necrotic lesions also appeared on stems, petioles and sepals. Cultural studies revealed that potato dextrose agar (82.80 mm) was the best followed by Sunflower leaf extract agar (71.54 mm) and Richard's agar (63.64 mm) for growth of fungus. Whereas, the growth of A. helianthi was not observed in water agar. In case of liquid media, potato dextrose broth yielded maximum dry mycelial weight (282.79 mg) followed by sunflower leaf extract broth (241.51 mg).

Keywords

Leaf Blight, Symptoms, Isolation, Pathogenecity, Culture Media

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T. K. Nagarathna ¹, Y. G. Shadakshari ², K. T. Puttarangaswami ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Crop Physiology, AICRP on Sunflower, University of Agricultural Sciences, G.K.V.K, Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
2 AICRP on Sunflower, University of Agricultural Sciences, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN
3 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, AICRP on Sunflower, University of Agricultural Sciences, G.K.V.K., Bengaluru (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Several sunflower genotypes including hybrids, varieties, R-lines, CMS-lines and inbreds were initially screened in the laboratory to select saline tolerant lines. Initially sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations were standardized and later seven different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mM NaCl) were considered for the screening. Physiological observation viz., germination per cent, total seedling length (cm), per cent reduction in seedling growth over control and seedling vigour index were recorded. Later all the entries were classified as susceptible, moderately tolerant and tolerant lines. CMS-lines performed well even at higher osmotic concentrations. Many of the inbreds and R-lines were susceptible at 100 and 150mM NaCl concentrations. This screening technique can be followed for the initial screening of more number of sunflower genotypes in the laboratory before evaluating them in the field.

Keywords

Osmotic Potential, Sodium Chloride Concentration, Sunflower.

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